Effects of Changing Accounting Standards on Commercial Bank

Effects of Changing Accounting Standards on Commercial vernacularProposed Research Topic IAS 39 and IFRS 9 the effects of changing chronicle standards for financial instruments on the financial assets management of a commercial bank in Chong QingBackgroundIn 2008, a catastrophic financial crisis ignited by the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers Holdings soon had a full scale break-out and dragged the beingness from prosperous gain to excruciating abyss of stagnation, even recession. People in business and academic community took a great procedure of serious discussions striving to find the causes of the financial crisis. It is widely agreed that the privation of transp arency in banks and investment houses which increased their risks is one of the major driving forces of the crisis(Compton, 2012). It is argued by Rohde(2011) that the abuse of financial instruments is to blame for the lack of transparency. Accountancy, as a practical subject meant to make organizations more transpa rent via clear and correct financial reports therefore is closely linked to the solution to the financial crisis. One year after the crisis, world leaders declared that betterments in financial report were needed at the G20 summits.Chan, 2010)In 2009, in response to the ingest for improved financial reports, the new IFRS 9 was published as the replacement for IAS 39 to serve the purpose of regulating accountancy for financial instruments(IFRS, 2009 Chan, 2010). Some obtrusive changes were made by IASBinternational accounting standards board to the new standards, specially the classification of financial assets. IAS classify financial assets into 4 bill groups, which is considered by Chan(2010) as one of the its drawbacks resulting in unnecessary complexity and internal inconsistency. However, according to IFRS 9, the number of categories is largely simplified and is cut down from 4 to 2 amortize cost and fair cherish. Currently, business organizations domiciliate choose which standards they would like to apply because the mandatory effective date of IFRS was mountainceled already(IFRS, 2009). What effects could the differences between the 2 standards exert on banksa management of financial assets remains unknown. It has not been sufficiently studied in accounting literature yet. Although some studies are made with regard to IAS or IFRS as a whole, none of them are specifically on IFRS 9, let alone its effects on financial assets management. A study as this one is thencece needed to fill in this gap.One of the main features of international accounting standards regardless of IAS9, IFRS 9, or their earlier predecessors is the steady status of fair value measurement. notwithstanding that a lot of measurement categories are added to or removed from in amendments occurred since the establishment of one universal international accounting standards system, fair value measurement seems to stand unshakably in the center of measurement for financial instruments . Thus, this newsprint will mainly focus on fair value to discuss whether or not it is changed in the new standards and what influence those changes have on a banks financial assets management, which can better our understanding in the race between accounting standards and practical management. This paper is helpful not only to expand the accounting literature, but also to improve bankers assets management in concern of the risk of another financial crisis. In a word, my explore is worth doing academically and practically.The purpose of my paper is to identify the effects of changing financial standards on the assets management of a bank by interviewing its managers and examining its financial conditions before and after its accounting policy shifted from IAS 39 to IFRS 9. To achieve that, I set 3 seek objectives. Firstly, my paper aims to find out the difference between IAS 39 and IFRS 9, particularly the changes made to the fair value measurement. Secondly, my paper tries to identify the effects of adopting IFRS 9 on Chong qing Banks financial assets management in replacement for IAS 39. Thirdly, my paper will make critical chin wag on whether those effects are imperious or negative comparing with previous years when IAS was use in the hope of providing some useful experience to other banks.Literature reviewThe number of existing questiones on the new IFRS 9 is extremely limited and can hardly be found for it was published just 4 years past as an incomplete demo to be tested and improved, awaiting continuous amendments. It takes time before it is as applicable as IAS 9, when a great amount of researches then can be expected due to mass usage of IFRS in business institutes. Fortunately, there are a number of studies on the IFRS as a whole and IAS No. 39. Carmona Trombetta(2008) got a panorama overview on IFRS and IAS, and proceeded to explain the difficulty of world-wide adoption of those standards owing to nature of highly diverse conditions in dif ferent several(prenominal) countries, which leads to a conclusion that rule based standards are probably more acceptable than principles based ones to widespread a universal standards system across the world. in spite of the insightful discovery they made, they did not focus enough attention on the obvious differences between IFRS and IAS. To the contrary, what they try to emphasize is the similarities instead of differences between those two standards. As a supplementary to the previous accounting literature, Wang(2010) made a thorough comparison between the two standards and noted the difference of classifications for financial assets which is covered by IAS 39 and IFRS 9 that matters a lot to financial assets management. However, she was one step away from getting the full picture, but stopped at that point and did not make further explorations concerning the effects of the differences in standards on banking management, which leaves her research unfortunately incomprehensive. The study on this topic has 2 dimensions regulations, and the objectives those regulations exert effects on. Neglecting either of them would mistake the whole study. Armstrong and his collegues (2010) contributed to the literature by examining the objectives of accounting regulations. They studied business institutes reaction to the adoption of IFRS in Europe, which can made a worthy comparison with Chong qing companies that my paper is about to study. Morris and Sellon(1991) are among those first to focus on the relationship between accounting standards and financial assets management. They noted that a banks true assets (Morris and Sellon, 1991) can be best reflected by fair value based accounting practice. Their pioneering work was seconded by Barth(1994) who argues that accounting based on fair is helpful to improve a banks management by clarifying the true value of financial assets to the top management. He took a critical strep and brought accounting standard on to the manage rial level. Although having laid down the fundamental base for my study, both of their researches share a fatal flaw of being too outdated. The world has witnessed too many tremendous changes including the financial crisis to fit in their theorys framework developed in the early 1990s. Their theory fails to be applied to lately invented financial instruments, particularly financial derivatives. More researches close to todays reality are needed, which is another justification for the rationale of my research.Methodology and methodsI intend to conduct an interpretive, inductive, empirical and qualitative research on this topic. The method adopted is suits study carried out via techniques including observing the company and taking interviews. Chong qing Bank in Chong qing is selected as the case study company for it is one of the first to answer IASBs call to adopt IFRS. Given the geographic limitations and the cost to fly to Chong qing, semi-structured call interviews will be held to managers of Chong qing Bank Limited containing questions on their thoughts before and after IAS 39 was replaced by IFRS 39. Information about the company is to be thoroughly observed, particularly its capital adequacy ratio before and after IFRS was adopted, which can reflect itsfinancial assets management in the period of changing accounting policy to a certain extent. The entire selective information collect by my case study and interviews is original primary data, except capital adequacy ratio, which is secondary data since it can be found in the companys annual reports. Most of the data are qualitative as they are questions regarding peoples attitudes, beliefs, thoughts that cannot be quantified. However, the capital adequacy ratio is quantitative.The way my research is done is to acquire knowledge by making empirical observations and finding empirical evidences rather than establishing stark(a) theoretical framework on a predetermined hypothesis. All the 3 research objectiv es listed before are about making empirical observations. Therefor the case study method is very suitable to serve my research objectives. As claimed by Robson(2002), case study is A strategy for doing research which involves an empirical investigation. The reason I employ the technique of interview is that interviews are very useful to collect empirical information. It is an empirical research method. A semi-structured interview by telephone would allow me to explore unexpected issues by holding relatively casual conversation consisted of not fully predetermined questions, and to build personal sonority with the interviewees that might be helpful to make some in-depth findings. In a word, the empirical, interpretive nature of my study that requires original primary data and close observations determines the research methods I chose.Content analysis will be used on the main data analyzing tool to measure the frequency of certain key manner of speaking and notions respondents menti oned in interviews. The data collected is not generalizable because they are predominantly qualitative information of a single individual company without statistical representativeness. But the data is of legitimate validity and reliability since they are authentically collected from a company in its practical daily operations. If anyone is to repeat my research on the uniform company, the out-come would be of no difference.Potential difficulties I can anticipate in this research are mainly geographically related. The location of me, namely UK, is too distant away from the objective in Chong qing I am about to observe. This limitation is likely to cause a series of difficulties including the hardship of getting contact with the informants and inaccuracy of observations which are not made in person directly. Another difficulty is the willing of managers to receiving my interviews. In order to get a sufficient number of respondents, I jut out to set certain incentive prizes for ans wering my questions. The research will mainly be funded by myself, though I will not give up the opportunity of being sponsored by the university. Application for research funds will be submitted to Royal Holloway before the research begins. However, those difficulties above can be tame and minimalized as long as my research is well designed. Flying to Chong qing is reserved as the last resort if things get out of my control. The time scale of my research is 3months. The detailed time table is listed belowTimetablePrepare the interview questions by 1 MarchComplete literature review by 10 April train interviews by 10 MayComplete data analysis by 12 MayGive presentation on 23 JuneComplete the final dissertation by 20 JuneReferenceArmstrong, C, Barth, M, Jagolinzer, A, Riedl, E 2010, Market Reaction to the Adoption of IFRS in Europe, Accounting Review, 85, 1, pp. 31-61, air credit Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 1 January 2014.Barth, M. E.,1994, Fair value accounting Evidence from inv estment securities and the market valuation of banks, Accounting Review, pp.1-25.Carmona, S, Trombetta, M., 2008, On the global acceptance of IAS/IFRS accounting standards The logic and implications of the principles-based system, Journal Of Accounting Public Policy, 27, 6, pp. 455-461, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 1 January 2014.Chan, S., 2010, From IAS 39 to IFRS 9 more than just a name change, the official website of Chong qing institute of certified public accountants,Available athttp//www.hkicpa.org.hk/file/media/section2_become_a_hk_cpa/recog-oversea-bodies/useful-article/name-change.pdfAccessed 20 DEC 2013.Compton, J., 2012, Libor scandal at the root of all financial crises is a lack of transparency, The Telegraph,available at http//www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/comment/9366972/Libor-scandal-at-the-root-of-all-financial-crises-is-a-lack-of-transparency.htmlAccessed 20 DEC 2013.IFRS, 2009, IFRS 9 Financial Instruments (replacement of IAS 39), the official website of the IFRS Foundation and the IASB.Available at http//www.ifrs.org/current-projects/iasb-projects/financial-instruments-a-replacement-of-ias-39-financial-instruments-recognitio/Pages/financial-instruments-replacement-of-ias-39.aspxAccessed 20 DEC 2013.Robson, C., 2002, Real world research A choice for social scientists and practitioner-researchers (Vol. 2). Oxford Blackwell.Moody, D., 2002, Empirical research methods, the official website of IT University of Copenhagen.Available at http//www.itu.dk/oladjones/semester%203/advanced%20it%20mgt%20and%20software%20engineering/project/materials/what%20is%20empirical%20research1.pdfAccessed 20 DEC 2013.Morris, C. S., SellonJr, G. H., 1991, Market value accounting for banks pros and cons., Federal allow Bank of Kansas City Economic Review, 76, pp.5-19.Rohde, L 2011, Lessons from the Last Financial Crisis and the Future Role of Institutional Investors, OECD Journal Financial Market Trends, 2011, 1, pp. 77-82, Business Source Complete, EB SCOhost, viewed 1 January 2014.Wang, Z., 2010, A comparative study of the difference between IAS 39 and IFRS 9 interpreting the classification and measurement of financial assets. Finance and Accounting Monthly, 2010, 16(548), pp.51-53.( In Chinese)Source available at http//www.ckyk.cn/periodical/previous_detail-JOLQNON0.shtmlFull text available at http//www.docin.com/p-226160490.htmlAccessed 20 DEC 2013.